【掌握K8s存储卷】轻松实现容器数据持久化策略

最佳答案

引言

在Kubernetes（K8s）中，容器作为安排利用的基本单位，其生命周期是长久的。当容器重启或被删除时，其中的数据会随之丧掉。为懂得决这个成绩，K8s引入了存储卷（Volume）的不雅点，使得容器中的数据可能长久化存储。本文将具体介绍K8s中的存储卷范例、利用方法以及长久化战略。

存储卷范例

1. emptyDir

emptyDir是K8s中的一种常设存储卷，它会在Pod被分配到节点时主动创建，当Pod被删除时，emptyDir中的数据也会被删除。emptyDir重要用于常设存储，比方利用顺序的缓存或旁边数据。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example-container
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: tmp
      mountPath: /tmp
  volumes:
  - name: tmp
    emptyDir: {}

2. hostPath

hostPath容许容器拜访宿主机的文件体系。这种方法简单易用，但数据不会在宿主机毛病时掉掉落保护。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example-container
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: host-path
      mountPath: /data
  volumes:
  - name: host-path
    hostPath:
      path: /path/on/host

3. nfs

nfs是K8s中常用的收集文件体系，容许容器拜访远程nfs共享目录。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: nfs-pv
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /path/on/nfs
    server: nfs-server-ip

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: nfs-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: example-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: example
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: example
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: example-container
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: nfs
          mountPath: /data
      volumes:
      - name: nfs
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: nfs-pvc

4. persistentVolume (PV) 跟 persistentVolumeClaim (PVC)

PV跟PVC是K8s中更为高等的存储卷范例，它们容许静态分配存储资本。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-example
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  nfs:
    path: /path/on/nfs
    server: nfs-server-ip

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: pvc-example
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

长久化战略

1. StatefulSet

StatefulSet是K8s顶用于管理有状况利用的一种把持器。StatefulSet中的每个Pod都有牢固的收集标识符跟存储卷，从而保证数据的长久化。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: example-statefulset
spec:
  serviceName: "example-service"
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: example
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: example
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: example-container
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: example-pv
          mountPath: /data
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: example-pv
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

2. StorageClass

StorageClass是K8s顶用于静态创建PV的资本。经由过程定义StorageClass，可能简化PV的创建跟管理。

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: standard
provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
parameters:
  type: gp2
reclaimPolicy: Retain
volumeBindingMode: Immediate

总结

K8s存储卷为容器数据长久化供给了多种处理打算。经由过程公道抉择存储卷范例跟长久化战略，可能轻松实现容器数据的长久化，进步利用的坚固性跟牢固性。